5>sau tu de hoi nhu:what,which,where,when,why,who,....
II>VING
1>lam chu ngu:vi du:dancing bored him(danh dong tu:chi 1 viec lam cu the)
2>lam bo ngu:vi du:her hobby is painting
3>sau cac dong tu sau:
a>V+VING
A:-admit:thu nhan
-avoid:tranh
- Appreciate:danh gia
-allow:cho phep
C:-complete: hoan thanh
-consider: xem xet
D:-delay: tri hoan
-deny: tu choi
-discuss: thao luan
-dislike: khong thich
E:-enjoy: thich
F:-finish: ket thuc
H:-hate:ghet
I:-imagine: tuong tuong
K:-keep: tiep tuc
L:-like: thich
-love:yeu
M:-mention: de cap
-mind: phien, ngai
-miss: lo,bo nho
P:-postpone: tri hoan
-practice: luyen tap
Q:-quit: nghi
R:-recall: nhac nho,nho
-recollect: nho ra
-recommend: nhac nho
-resent: buc tuc
-resist: khang cu
-risk: rui ro
S:-suggest: de nghi
T:-tolerate: tha thu
U:-understand: hieu
Ex: I caught him reading my letter.
Note: S + SPEND/WASTE + (time/money) + V-ing / on something
Ex: I spent two years working in London.
PREFER + V-ing + TO + V-ing = WOULD RATHER + Inf + THAN + Inf
Ex: I would rather go to the cinema than stay at home.
I prefer going to the cinema to staying at home.
4. Sau giới từ:
a. Verbs + prep + V-ing : to thank for, to look forward to, to insist on, to give up, to put off, to forgive sb for, to prevent sb from, to succeed in, to appologize to sb for …
ex: John gave up smoking.
b. to be + adj + prep + Ving :to be busy with, to be afraid of , to be good at, to be bad at, to be interested in = to be fond of = to be keen on …
ex: Alice is fond of dancing.
5. Sau các thành ngữ như:
It’s no good + V-ing: (Chẳng tốt) be worth + V-ing
It’s no use + V-ing: (Chẳng ích gì) be busy + V-ing
can’t bear + V-ing = can’t stand + V-ing have difficulty (in) + V-ing
can’t help + V-ing
6. Sau các từ / cụm từ : when, while, before, after, without, because of, instead of, in spite of, despite …
Ex: He continued to speak while walking down the path.
7. Sau cấu trúc “go + Ving”
go swimming / go fishing / go dancing / go shopping / go camping …
IV. START / BEGIN / CONTINUE + TO-INF (no meaning change)
V-ING
Ex: It started to rain.
raining.
HELP + O + TO-INF / INF (no meaning change)
Ex: He helped me to do / do my homework.
V. VERBS OF PERCEPTION (động từ giác quan): see, hear, feel, smell, taste, notice, watch…
S + V + O + Inf (ám chỉ 1 việc đã hoàn thành )
V-ing (ám chỉ một việc còn đang tiếp diễn )
Ex: I see him do his morning exercises in the garden everyday.
I saw a beautiful girl walking a long the road yesterday afternoon.
Note: Cấu trúc bị động của những động từ này:
S + be + V3 + TO-Inf
V-ing
Ex: She was seen to get off the bus.
VI. ALLOW / PERMIT / RECOMMEND / ADVISE
S + allow / permit / recommend / advise + O + To-Inf
S + allow / permit / recommend / advise + V-ing
Ex: The teacher permitted them to turn the assignment in late.
The teacher permitted going out.
VII. NEED
Need + Inf / To-Inf (mang nghĩa chủ động)
Need + V-ing (mang nghĩa chủ động)
Ex: I need water / to water the flowers
The flowers need watering / to be watered
Note: need / require / want + Ving = Passive voice
VIII. USED TO, BE USED TO…
Used to + Inf : đã từng… (thói quen trong quá khứ mà bây giờ không còn nữa)
Be used to + V-ing: quen với… (thói quen ở hiện tại)
Get used to + V-ing: trở nên quen với…
Be used to + Inf = Be used for + V-ing: được sử dụng để…
Ex: I used to live in the city.
She is/gets used to getting up early.
This knife is used to cut bread.
is used for cutting bread.
IX. CAUSATIVE FORM (thể truyền khiến)
Active: S + HAVE + someboby + V-Inf + something
= S + GET + somebody + To-inf
Passive: S + HAVE + something + P.P
= S + GET + something + P.P
Ex: I have my father fix my bicycle.
I have my bicycle fixed by my father.
X. STOP – TRY – REMEMBER – FORGET - REGRET
- stop + V-ing: ngừng hẳn hành động đang làm
Ex: Stop making noise, please!
- stop + To-inf: ngừng lại để làm việc khác
Ex: She stopped to talk to him.
- try + V-ing: thử làm điều gì
Ex:He tries writing with his left hand.
- try + To-inf: cố gắng làm việc gì
Ex: We try to get high marks.
- remember +V-ing: nhớ đã làm gì
Ex: I remember locking the door before I left.
- remember + To-inf: nhớ phải làm gì
Ex: I remember to call him.
- forget + V-ing: quên điều gì đã làm
Ex: I forgot meeting her.
- forget + To-inf: quên làm điều gì
Ex: I forgot to shut the window.
- regret + V-ing: hối tiếc điều gì đã làm
Ex: I regret talking to him so impolitely.
- regret + To-inf: hối tiếc phải làm gì
Ex: I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.
XI. PARTICIPLES
1. Present Participles (V-ing):
2. Past Participles (V3):
a. Đi với TO BE để thành lập các thì tiếp diễn
ex: He was telling me about his life.
a. Đi với các hình thức của động từ TO HAVE để thành lập các thì hoàn thành và đi với TO BE để thành lập thể bị động.
ex: That man has stolen my purse.
I was given a doll on my birthday.
b. Để nối hai câu có cùng chủ ngữ (mang nghĩa chủ động) hoặc diễn tả các hành động kế tiếp nhau
Ex: When we stood on the hill, we could see the river.
à Standing on the hill, we could see the river.
Ex: Mary is sitting at the desk, looking out of the window, thinking of her future.
b. Để nối hai câu có cùng chủ ngữ (mang nghĩa bị động)
ex: When he was punished yesterday, he felt very sad.
à Punished yesterday, he felt very sad.
c. Thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa chủ động
ex: The man who talked to you yesterday is my teacher.
à The man talking to you yesterday is my teacher.
c. Thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động
ex: The boy who was given a present is my son.
à The boy given a present is my son.
d. Dùng làm tính từ (mang nghĩa chủ động):
ex: The story was boring.
d. Dùng làm tính từ (mang nghĩa bị động):
ex: I was bored with the story
